
The title to this post is from Mussolini’s quote: “All within the state, nothing outside the state, nothing against the state.” The phrase is assigned to fascist ideology, but it is right at home within any authoritarian government.
Below is a partial listing of 20th century sanctioned murder by governments:
- Mao’s Great Leap Forward: 15-55 million deaths. Chinese communism. 1958-1962
- The Holocaust: 5-17 million deaths. German Nazis. 1939-1945
- Ukrainian Holodomor: 1.8-7.5 million deaths. Russian communism. 1932-1933
- Soviet WWII Prisoners: 3.3-3.5 million deaths. German Nazis. 1941-1945
- Khmer Rouge Killing Fields: 1.3-3 million deaths. Khmer Rouge/Cambodian communism 1975-1979
- Polish Genocide: 1.8-3.0 million deaths of non-Jews. 3.0 million Jews included in the Holocaust post above. German Nazis. 1939-1945.
- Bangladesh Genocide: 300,000-3 million deaths. Pakistani military dictatorship. 1971
- Polish Gentile Genocide: 1.2-1.8 million deaths. German Nazis. 1939-1945
- Kazakh Genocide: 1.3-1.75 million deaths. Kazakh communism. 1931-1933
- Russian Gulag: 1.6 million deaths (possibly more). Russian communism. 1920s to 1953
- Armenian Genocide: 700,000-1.5 million deaths. Young Turks/Ottoman Empire. 1915-1922
- Greek and Pontic Genocide: 300,000-1.2 million deaths. Ottoman Empire. 1914-1922
- Rwandan Genocide: 500,000-1 million deaths. Rwandan dictatorship or totalitarian state. 1994
- Ustasha Genocide: 357,000-600,000 deaths. Croatia fascists encouraged by the Nazis. 1941-1945
- Dafur Genocide: 100,000-500,000 deaths. Sudanese Arab dictatorship and Arab militia. 2003-Present
- East Timor Genocide: 85,000-200,000 deaths. Indonesian military dictatorship. 1974-1999
Source: Wikipedia, Independent, History.com, News.Stanford, Hoover.org. Graphic: Nyamata, Rwanda Memorial Site, by Fanny Schertzer, 2007, GNU Free Documentation License.
